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One Love
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   Posted 9/20/2003 4:45 AM (GMT -6)    Quote This PostAlert An Admin About This Post.
Genesis 15 NRSV

1 After these things the word of the LORD came to Abram in a vision, “Do not be afraid, Abram, I am your shield; your reward shall be very great.” 2 But Abram said, “O Lord GOD, what will you give me, for I continue childless, and the heir of my house is Eliezer of Damascus?” 3 And Abram said, “You have given me no offspring, and so a slave born in my house is to be my heir.” 4 But the word of the LORD came to him, “This man shall not be your heir; no one but your very own issue shall be your heir.” 5 He brought him outside and said, “Look toward heaven and count the stars, if you are able to count them.” Then he said to him, “So shall your descendants be.” 6 And he believed the LORD; and the LORD reckoned it to him as righteousness.


7 Then he said to him, “I am the LORD who brought you from Ur of the Chaldeans, to give you this land to possess.” 8 But he said, “O Lord GOD, how am I to know that I shall possess it?” 9 He said to him, “Bring me a heifer three years old, a female goat three years old, a ram three years old, a turtledove, and a young pigeon.” 10 He brought him all these and cut them in two, laying each half over against the other; but he did not cut the birds in two. 11 And when birds of prey came down on the carcasses, Abram drove them away.


12 As the sun was going down, a deep sleep fell upon Abram, and a deep and terrifying darkness descended upon him. 13 Then the LORD said to Abram, “Know this for certain, that your offspring shall be aliens in a land that is not theirs, and shall be slaves there, and they shall be oppressed for four hundred years; 14 but I will bring judgment on the nation that they serve, and afterward they shall come out with great possessions. 15 As for yourself, you shall go to your ancestors in peace; you shall be buried in a good old age. 16 And they shall come back here in the fourth generation; for the iniquity of the Amorites is not yet complete.”


17 When the sun had gone down and it was dark, a smoking fire pot and a flaming torch passed between these pieces. 18 On that day the LORD made a covenant with Abram, saying, “To your descendants I give this land, from the river of Egypt to the great river, the river Euphrates, 19 the land of the Kenites, the Kenizzites, the Kadmonites, 20 the Hittites, the Perizzites, the Rephaim, 21 the Amorites, the Canaanites, the Girgashites, and the Jebusites.”



The questions here are fairly simple:

1) With respect to verses 12-16, do you believe that this REALLY took place as history? Or do you believe that this was theological POSTDICTION of some type?

2) If you do believe that this is post-Exodus (or even later) postdiction, what issues does this bring up for biblical interpretation?

3) If you believe that this really happened (that God said that his descendents would CERTAINLY be slaves and oppressed for four hundred years), how would you, given the open view, account for this? Was God stating his SETTLED intentions to ORCHESTRATE this servitude of Abram’s descendents?

4) What does all this mean to our view of God, if we do say that God INTENDED to allow hundreds of people who hadn't even been born yet to go into harsh, demeaning servitude for hundreds of years and virtually prophesied this to Abram?

TOM, I definitely want you on this!

Heh.

Evil


"I've been converted three times. The first was to traditional Christianity; the second to honesty and the third was to the Love of God and man (humanity) The third was the real conversion. The first two were preliminary."

--Nels Ferre, a theologian speaking of his spiritual journey with the Triune God

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honorman
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   Posted 9/20/2003 5:30 AM (GMT -6)    Quote This PostAlert An Admin About This Post.
Given that there is no definite time period in which God is working, there is a lot of leeway for God to make such a prediction. AS with someone betraying Jesus, the odds are greatly in Gods favor that somewhere down the line the people God chose would rebell and it would be pretty easy for God to prod their enemies to take them over. Personally, I think this view fits in pretty well with the open view. It is only when one assumes that God is working within a narrow historical time frame that one has problems with it and the open view.
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PotOnWheel
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   Posted 9/20/2003 8:41 AM (GMT -6)    Quote This PostAlert An Admin About This Post.
Under military occupation and religeous persecution (though he was the Calif to the Sultan too) St. John of Damascus wrote the following:


    www.gregboyd.org/gbfront/forum/topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=2180
    quote:
    • Chapter XXIV. Concerning what is Voluntary and what is Involuntary.

    • Chapter XXV. Concerning what is in our own power, that is, concerning Free-will.

    • Chapter XXIV. Concerning what is Voluntary and what is Involuntary.

    • Chapter XXVII. Concerning the reason of our endowment with Free-will.

    • Chapter XXVIII. Concerning what is not in our hands.

    • Chapter XXIX. Concerning Providence.

    • Chapter XXX. Concerning Prescience and Predestination.




Check it out.
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PotOnWheel
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   Posted 9/20/2003 9:08 AM (GMT -6)    Quote This PostAlert An Admin About This Post.
A couple of interesting things about this verse Meph posted:

quote:
12 As the sun was going down, a deep sleep fell upon Abram, and a deep and terrifying darkness descended upon him. 13 Then the LORD said to Abram, “Know this for certain, that your offspring shall be aliens in a land that is not theirs, and shall be slaves there, and they shall be oppressed for four hundred years; 14 but I will bring judgment on the nation that they serve, and afterward they shall come out with great possessions. 15 As for yourself, you shall go to your ancestors in peace; you shall be buried in a good old age. 16 And they shall come back here in the fourth generation; for the iniquity of the Amorites is not yet complete.”


  • Abraham "received" his promise only IN faith. I'll say it that way because he really did recieve something, something more than just an idea or a receipt. He "saw" Christ's day and "rejoiced" in it.

  • Abraham did NOT recieve something physical as a terminus of the promise. The promise points beyond.

  • For Abraham's children -- who are identified by their faith, and not their genetic lineage (Gal.) -- they too "receive" in the same way as Abraham.

  • Christ came at the right time. Lots, through all of human history lead up to His Day.

  • Seems to me, and it seems Church history reflects too, that the Incarnation "is just that": something happening to human flesh and the the cosmos as a whole, in that right "day", in reality, changing both cosmos and humanity.

  • Again, lots had to lead up to that "right day."

  • Humanity seems to have had choices, and opportunities relative to its capacity to be in communion with God. (Were Noah's offspring to have responded certain ways, Egypt probably would have been unnecessary. But an "Abraham" would have still been necessary as a recipient of the Covenant: the "glowing coals" that transcended the law.)

  • God STILL would have chosen the "weak things" and those "without" home or security excluding God himself to work through, and that way accomplish the incarnation.

  • A similar question, paralleling this matter of slavery is the Theotokos. Mary just WAS GOING TO say "yes" to God. God knew that based on Her. That was her character. Everything from the Ark to the Burning Bush, to the Tabernacle had been pointing to Her: God was going to dwell with Men, and mankind was preparing as finally WAS prepared to respond with a "yes."

  • Slavery needs to be seen in a bigger picture: "Out of Egypt will I call my Son."

  • We need to repond IN GRATITUDE to those who went into Egypt, for our salvation.

  • And don't let for our salvation be a stumbling block. Galatians still says plenty about how those who did the works can miss the inheritance. But all the history of slavation can bee seen as an icon of the ONE who IS salvation.



My thoughts, Meph.
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Tom
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   Posted 9/20/2003 9:36 AM (GMT -6)    Quote This PostAlert An Admin About This Post.
I'm busy for the next couple of days. But I'll check back in. In the meantime, Mephi, did you reread this?

http://www.gregboyd.org/gbfront/forum/topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=38&SearchTerms=Prophesied,Bondage

Tom Bandit
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DLW
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   Posted 9/20/2003 9:45 AM (GMT -6)    Quote This PostAlert An Admin About This Post.
Well, within the Genesis narrative, initially Joseph's enslavement proved to be a means for God to make sure that the Pharoah would be informed about the future seven years of plenty and seven years of want. This then also served as a means so that his father and brothers would be provided for during the time of want.

If later Pharaoh's had not enslaved the Hebrew people, they might have been absorbed into egyptian culture and they wouldn't have had the formative experience of being freed from slavery by God through his demonstration of dominion over the gods of Egypt with the seven plagues.

The experience of going from bondage to all the families having some claim to land/value/wealth set up the egalitarian ideal among the Hebrew people and justified their rules to protect the poor/foreigners and to provide checks on inequality.

This seems not to revolve around whether there is openness, but rather specifics about what was and wasn't open in the past. Ultimately, we can't know about the specifics of that.

I don't feel qualified to get into a debate about the specifics of the anthropological reliablity of the above story, but I do recall that in "The Gift of the Jews" the author does mention that Moise, or moses, was, in fact, an egyptian, not a hebrew, name.

dlw


Niebuhr thought that sustained moral energy in politics depended on religion's power to mobilize reason along with self-transcending love. The prophetic tradition, meanwhile, gave Jews and Christians some protection against the temptation to identify their social causes with God's will. Lincoln's second inaugural address expressed the prophetic insight, "The almighty has His own purposes."

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Tom
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   Posted 9/20/2003 11:49 AM (GMT -6)    Quote This PostAlert An Admin About This Post.
And here's a bit also:

http://www.gregboyd.org/gbfront/forum/topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=1481&SearchTerms=Egypt

Bandit
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One Love
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   Posted 9/21/2003 12:09 AM (GMT -6)    Quote This PostAlert An Admin About This Post.
Ooh. From DOC (all emphases mine!):

quote:
I don't think most evangelicals would be comfortable with seeing this passage as an "aetiological" tale. Some scholars see this as a conditional prophecy. This seems to be a stretch. I think GDG is more on track, and in fact, here the Open Theist and classical theist would differ very little. God was going to allow, or specifically steer if need be, events to incubate his people in Egypt while preparing to judge the Amorites and then "kill two birds with one stone." Freedom is always restricted in a million ways. God uses these restrictions to his advantage. The open view simply differs from Calvinism in saying that these restrictions are not exhaustive.


Oh, my stars and comets! Would ya look at THAT?

God actually intending to DIRECT evil events LONG BEFORE any of the people involved were even born? Cause the “incubation” could have taken place WITHOUT the slavery. Interesting…


But come on. None of you guys see this as postdiction? From the New Oxford Annotated Bible (NRSV) Notes on vs 13-16

“An inserted tradition explains the delay in the fulfillment of the promise, referring to the Egyptian oppression for 400 years (Ex 12.40) and the victorious Exodus”

and from Modes’ post long time ago…

Gerhard von Rad in his Commentary on Genesis (Revised edition), Westminster Press 1972 publication had this to say:

"God's word in vs. 13-16 has long been recognized as an insertion…The concern of these verses is clear, they are 'aetiological,' designed to clarify a riddle: Abraham had received the promise, but it was not fulfilled for many generations. The answer is not to be found in a deficiency of God's power. The entr'acte, the Egyptian bondage, so filled with suffering, was not something unforseen; but Yahweh had provided for it all, 'for the iniquity of the Amorites' (here in the sense of 'Canaanite aborigines') 'is not yet complete.' God allots to the nations their times (Dan. 2.21). The 'iniquity of the Amorites' is here to be understood as their sexual corruption (Lev. 18.24-28). How the time span in v. 13 is related to Ex. 12.40 is not clear. But that of v. 16 does not agree either, for a 'generation' (dór) elsewhere in the Old Testament is not a hundred years. Abraham is to be allowed to die in peace before that." (pg. 187)


Interesting…

So, if it’s postdiction, then we have an someone putting words in God’s mouth big time…as some type of theological after-explanation for why things took so long with the “promise”. (whether you assume this was "inspired" or not, it's still very interesting for the discussion of hermeneutics) If it’s not postdiction, then we have God being willing to orchestrate some seriously ill stuff involving harsh servitude and death…for hundreds of years…for God’s own purposes. Nice.


"I've been converted three times. The first was to traditional Christianity; the second to honesty and the third was to the Love of God and man (humanity) The third was the real conversion. The first two were preliminary."

--Nels Ferre, a theologian speaking of his spiritual journey with the Triune God

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PotOnWheel
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   Posted 9/21/2003 8:57 AM (GMT -6)    Quote This PostAlert An Admin About This Post.
Meph: God actually intending to DIRECT evil events LONG BEFORE any of the people involved were even born? Cause the “incubation” could have taken place WITHOUT the slavery. Interesting…

PoW:
  • Before any of them were born. . .Yes.

  • Before Adam sinned. . .No.

  • But while sin did not have to happen; God made provision for it. The incarnation would have happened even without sin. But as someone said, "There was a cross in the heart of God before the foundation of the world."

  • After sin an "incubation" was necessary. A lot of ground needed 'making up.'

  • According to the 'original' plan (without the fall), interestingly, and incubation period was necessary too. Adam and eve would have "become like God" (theosis) as they matured. (They grabbed control--making themselves 'gods'--instead of honoring God's plan.) The incarnation, logically then, would have come somewhere down the line.....which would be when they were more mature.

  • I have no clue what else needs to be said from that, however.

  • And I know better than to deveolop something just for the sake of doing so.
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DLW
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   Posted 9/21/2003 9:13 AM (GMT -6)    Quote This PostAlert An Admin About This Post.
look Mephi, at a fundamental level, we don't know just how long the "incubation" period was s'posed to be.

Perhaps the Hebrews got too comfy over in Egypt.
Clearly, God didn't say in advance that when Moses led them out of Egypt that they would be so strong-headed that they would have to wander in the wilderness for 40 years more before they could enter the promised land.

The specifics of what was predetermined and what was due to free-will are undetermined based upon the available evidence we have...

dlw


Niebuhr thought that sustained moral energy in politics depended on religion's power to mobilize reason along with self-transcending love. The prophetic tradition, meanwhile, gave Jews and Christians some protection against the temptation to identify their social causes with God's will. Lincoln's second inaugural address expressed the prophetic insight, "The almighty has His own purposes."

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PotOnWheel
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   Posted 9/21/2003 11:33 AM (GMT -6)    Quote This PostAlert An Admin About This Post.
quote:
Originally posted by DLW

look Mephi, at a fundamental level, we don't know just how long the "incubation" period was s'posed to be.


Anyone,

To me, the interesting part is this: What was the incubation period accomplishing?
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DLW
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   Posted 9/21/2003 5:18 PM (GMT -6)    Quote This PostAlert An Admin About This Post.
quote:
Originally posted by PotOnWheel

quote:
Originally posted by DLW

look Mephi, at a fundamental level, we don't know just how long the "incubation" period was s'posed to be.


Anyone,

To me, the interesting part is this: What was the incubation period accomplishing?



To have been slaves, to have been downtrodden and to be delivered and given freedom is to make one s'posed to remember that what one has is from God and a gift that should not be taken for granted or viewed as one's own "property".

dlw


Niebuhr thought that sustained moral energy in politics depended on religion's power to mobilize reason along with self-transcending love. The prophetic tradition, meanwhile, gave Jews and Christians some protection against the temptation to identify their social causes with God's will. Lincoln's second inaugural address expressed the prophetic insight, "The almighty has His own purposes."

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PotOnWheel
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   Posted 9/22/2003 1:33 AM (GMT -6)    Quote This PostAlert An Admin About This Post.
quote:
Originally posted by DLW

To have been slaves, to have been downtrodden and to be delivered and given freedom is to make one s'posed to remember that what one has is from God and a gift that should not be taken for granted or viewed as one's own "property".


I would think that the incubation period is that leading up to the Theotokos--"Bearer of God."

But as to remembering, that is what the Feast of Tabernacles (Sukkoth) is about. My family will be joining several other families in doing just that (only a one-nighter, though) next weekend.
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PotOnWheel
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   Posted 9/22/2003 1:41 AM (GMT -6)    Quote This PostAlert An Admin About This Post.
  • http://i-cias.com/e.o/sukkoth.htm
    LexicOrient

    Sukkoth

    Jewish festival, where living in huts made out of boughs gives the festival its name.

    The feast is celebrated in memory of the Exodus from Egypt, and lasts for 7 days. It takes place from 15. Tishri, normally found in October. The reason for living in huts, is that this resembles the way the Jews were living during the 40 years of wandering on Sinai.
    The practice during this feast varies, but the most pious still live in huts during the festival, and even more Jews eat their meals here, while they sleep in their houses. These huts are erected in the five days between Yom Kippur and Sukkoth.

    Four species of plants are celebrated with Sukkoth, etrog (citron), lulav (date palm), myrtle, and willow. These are brought to the synagogue, and waved about during the ceremonies. On the last day of Sukkoth, the yearly cycle of reading the Torah starts in festive surroundings.


  • http://www.wordreference.com/english/definition.asp?en=Sukkoth

    Sukkoth, Succoth ['s#650;k#601;#650;t, -k#601;#650;#952;, Hebrew: su#720;'k#596;t]
    noun an eight-day Jewish harvest festival beginning on Tishri 15, which commemorates the period when the Israelites lived in the wilderness
    Also called: Feast of Tabernacles
    [ETYMOLOGY: from Hebrew, literally: tabernacles]


  • http://www.amfi.org/sukkoth.htm

    SUCCOTH: The Feast of Tabernacles

    (long article)




  • http://www.midrash.org/halakha/sukkoth.html

    Sukkoth

    On the fifteenth day of this seventh month, five days after Yom Kippur comes the Festival of Sukkoth, during which we are commanded to dwell in booths and to take the Four Species (including the Lulab and Ethrogh).
    Qiddush on the first night (and second too, for those who live outside the Land of Israel) requires Layla Wadday, – i.e. it must be made after the stars come out.

    It is made in the Sukkah and – on the first night – includes the Berakha (blessing) of Leesheb Bassukkah followed by Sheheheyanu. On the second night, the Berakha of Leesheb Bassukkah is recited last.

    The Berakha of Leesheb Bassukkah is recited standing during the Qiddush at night and one only sits after its completion. During the day, however, it is recited while seated.

    According to the Sepharadim, this Berakha should only be pronounced if one has the intention of eating bread, however, if one simply wishes to eat a piece of cake or something similar, it should not be recited.

    A special chair should be placed in the Sukkah for the seven Ushpizin (holy guests) who visit, one each night, over the seven nights of the holiday. A copy of the book Qeri-eh Mo'ed, a Tanakh or a Zohar should be placed on it and a fine piece of cloth should be draped over both the chair and the book. It is a fine Minhagh to send one meal every night to a poor person, in honor of the Ushpizin of that particular night.

    The seven Ushpizin are represented in the Lulab and Ethrogh, as follows: the Myrtle (of which we use three stems) represents our fathers Abraham, Isaac and Jacob. The Willow (of which we use two) represents Moses and Aaron. The Lulab itself represents Joseph and the Ethrogh is likened to King David.

    The Midrash explains that these four items of which the Lulab and Ethrogh are comprised, represent four types of people who are all joined together in rejoicing before the Creator.


      The Ethrogh – is a man who is learned in Torah (symbolized by its good taste) and the good smell is the good deeds which he performs.
      The Lulab – a learned man, but without good deeds.
      The Hadas (myrtle) – a man of good deeds (as in its good smell), but not learned.
      The 'Araboth (willow) – possessing neither smell nor taste, is a man of neither good deeds nor learning.


    When these four types of people are bound together with love and unity – and all feelings of jealousy and hatred banished – their prayers are accepted.

    There are certain differences between Sepharadim and Ashkenazim in the manner in which the Lulab and Ethrogh are used.

    The waving of the Lulab by Sepharadim is done by moving it, three times, to and from ones chest (as opposed to shaking it in front of one). The waving is done is this order: South, North, East, Up, Down and West.

    The order for Ashkenazim is different and, in addition, Ashkenazim face forward (East) at all times and change the direction in which the Lulab is pointing. Sepharadim physically turn around, so that the Lulab is always facing forward.

    On the first Shabbath of Sukkoth, Ashkenazim read the Meghillah of Qoheleth, prior to the reading of the Torah. Sepharadim do not have this Minhagh.

    The last night of Sukkoth is Leil Hosha'na Rabba. The period which commenced on Rosh Hodesh Elul, of Selihoth and supplications for forgiveness, reaches its end on this day with a final scaling of our judgement. On this night the men stay up reading the entire book of Debarim (Deuteronomy) and (time-permitting) various other prescribed readings.

    -----------------------------------
    Taken from the writings of Hakham Ya'aqob Menashe.


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